Biotic factors: It deals with effect of living on living It is of two types A. Interspecific interaction: The interactions between living organisms of different species are called interspecific interactions. It is of two types i.e. positive (+) and negative (- ) a. +ve interaction ( refers for beneficial relationship in which one or both partners are benefited) I. Mutualism (+, +): The interactions between living organism in which both partners benefited e.g. Rhizobium lives in root nodules of legumes plant where Rhizobium synthesize nitrogenous compound for legumes plant in return it gets selter and nutrition. These associations are more or less obligatory. II. Commensalism (+, 0): The interactions between two living organism in which one partner has benefit whereas other has no profit no loss e.g. Barnacles attached to the whales, epiphytes etc. III. Proto-cooperation (+ , +): The temporary relationship between two individuals of different s...
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